第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近選項(xiàng)。

　　1．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.

　　A．boring

　　B．humorous

　　C．original

　　D．long

　　2．In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.

　　A．reduces

　　B． drops

　　C． leaves

　　D．changes

　　3．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.

　　A．doubt

　　B．surprise

　　C．love

　　D．a(chǎn)nger

　　4．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.

　　A．killed

　　B．caught

　　C．found

　　D．jailed

　　5．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.

　　A. destroy

　　B．transfer

　　C．update

　　D．establish

　　6．If we leave now, we should miss the the traffic.

　　A．a(chǎn)void

　　B．mix

　　C．stop

　　D．direct

　　7. He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.

　　A．using

　　B．denying

　　C． sharing

　　D．developing

　　8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.

　　A．close

　　B．sell

　　C．combine

　　D．break

　　9.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.

　　A．a(chǎn)llowed

　　B．kept

　　C．limited

　　D．stopped

　　10. 1 want to provide my boys with a decent education.

　　A．special

　　B．general

　　C．private

　　D．good

　　11． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

　　A． advertisement

　　B． replacement

　　C．a(chǎn)dvancement

　　D．retirement

　　12．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.

　　A．regular

　　B．clear

　　C．quick

　　D．great

　　13. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.

　　A．similar

　　B．bad

　　C．polite

　　D．usual

　　14. There was a profound silence after his remark.

　　A．short

　　B．sudden

　　C． deep

　　D．proud

　　15． The document was compileded by the Department of Health.

　　A．printed

　　B． sent

　　C．written

　　D． attached

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

　　Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low

　　The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.

　　The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.

　　The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.

　　Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.

　　Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease.

　　"The introduction of the NHS（國(guó)民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."

　　Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.

　　The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.

　　There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.

　　Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease.

　　"However, this is still too many women and incidence（發(fā)生率）of the disease is increasing year by year."

　　The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.

　　16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.

　　A. Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　笫3部分：概括大意與完成句子【第23 ~30題，每題1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23 -26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1-4段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27 - 30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Parkinson's Disease

　　1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.

　　2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.

　　3 'rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).

　　4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

　　23. Paragraph I_____________ .

　　24. Paragraph 2 _____________.

　　25. Paragraph 3_____________ .

　　26. Paragraph 4 _____________.

　　A. Tips for Patients with the Disease

　　B. Common Treatment for the Disease

　　C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease

　　D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease

　　E. Possible Causes of the Disease

　　F. Definition of Parkinson's Disease

　　27. You'II find it hard to move the way you want to_____________ .

　　28. A lot of research is being done to find ou_____________t .

　　29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor_____________.

　　30. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.

　　A. if there isn't enough dopamine m your body

　　B. what affects muscles all through your body

　　C. which cannot be cured yet

　　D. if you have a fixed or blank expression

　　E. which may be the first symptom you notice

　　F. what causes Parkinson's disease

　　第 4部分:閱讀理解 (第 31~45題,每題 3分 ,共 45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第一篇

　　Human Heart Can Make New Cells

　　Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.

　　The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack ,experts say.

　　"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed, " said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are bom with or if they could be renewed." he said.

　　The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75.

　　"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated , it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, " Frisen said.

　　That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.

　　"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.

　　Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. " Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying, "he said.

　　With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves, " Bhardwaj said. " Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."

　　But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj , scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell tumover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

　　31. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells

　　A. when a person becomes old

　　B. as soon as a person gets sick

　　C. immediately after a person is born

　　D. once a person dies

　　32. The finding could prove to be useful to

　　A. the analysis of cardiac cells

　　B. the prevention of chronic diseases

　　C. the treatment of heart disease

　　D. the study of longstanding mysteries

　　33. In people in their mid-70s, only 0. 45 percent of cardiomyocytes _ .

　　A. are still functional

　　B. are reduced each year

　　C. are replaced each year

　　D. are damaged each year

　　34. Chronic heart failure is attributed to

　　A. the dying heart cells

　　B. the effect of pharmceutical

　　C. the weight of a patient

　　D. the life span of a person

　　35. It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts

　　A. is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying off

　　B. is of any use to researchers

　　C. is the same as that in healthy hearts

　　D. changes over time

　　第二篇

　　The Ice Man

　　On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just .usual and so the body had come to the surface.

　　It was lying face down. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(樹皮) and a holder for arrows.

　　Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldier had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.

　　With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that the was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.

　　By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.

　　36. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because

　　A. the melted ice made him visible

　　B. two Germans were climbing the mountains

　　C. he was lying on the ice

　　D. he was just on a mountain pass

　　37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

　　A. The Iceman was killed while working.

　　B. The Iceman lived a poor life.

　　C. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.

　　D. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.

　　38. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT .

　　A. he was a soldier in World War I

　　B. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father

　　C. he was born about a thousand years ago

　　D. he came from Italy

　　39. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman '

　　A. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead .

　　B. was probably in some kind of a battle

　　C. had got a wound on the back of his head

　　D. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

　　40. The word"bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by

　　A. robbers

　　B. soldiers

　　C. hunters

　　D. shooters

　　第三篇

　　Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.

　　" Hope is an important part of happiness, "said Peter A. Ubel, M. D. director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "

　　The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.

　　At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.

　　"We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Intemal Medicine.

　　"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "

　　"Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says."I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "

　　41. Chronically ill patients may be happier

　　A. if they keep thinking of their past

　　B. if they believe they'Il recover

　　C. if they put off moving on

　　D. if they manage to get on with their life

　　42. What had happened to the patients under study?

　　A. They had just survived an accident.

　　B. They had just had an operation.

　　C. They had just injured their colons.

　　D. They had just made some pouches.

　　43. One group of the patients was happier because

　　A. they made the best of their current situation

　　B. they were good at playing cards

　　C. they regained normal bowel function

　　D. they were promised another operation

　　44. The other group was not as happy because .

　　A. they accepted their current situation

　　B. they were anxious to get better

　　C. they missed their previous life

　　D. they refused to play cards

　　45. What could be the message of the passage?

　　A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.

　　B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.

　　C. Hope is what makes people on.

　　D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.

　　第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分,共10分）

　　下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個(gè)句子,其中5個(gè)取自短文 ,據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

　　Semco

　　At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father's business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7 :30 am, until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, "

　　There's nothing wrong with you. But if you continue, like this, you'll find a new home in our hospital. " Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the ways his employees worked too.

　　He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worring when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. (46) "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. "

　　He completely reorganized the office: instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses cann't shut themselves away from everyone else (47) As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.

　　Semler says, " We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn't even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the othe other side of the world failes millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea. Rubin springs into action. (48) That's when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time. "

　　Semco has flexible working hours : the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. (49)

　　It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers: in the last six years,

　　Semco's revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from 800 employees t0 3,000. Why?

　　Semler says it's because of "peer pressure" . Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. (50) In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do.

　　A. If somone isn't doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.

　　B. This saved money and brought more equality to the company.

　　C. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.

　　D. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.

　　E. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work.

　　F. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company's machiners for their own projects, and makes

　　them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.

　　第6部分：完形填空（51~65題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng).

　　Nurse ! I Want My Mummy

　　When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be (5l)them.

　　Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.

　　But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.

　　A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.

　　Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.

　　"Pamela's study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "

　　. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "

　　"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "

　　"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "

　　"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."

　　"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."

　　"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "

　　"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "

　　" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "

　　51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for

　　52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight

　　53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice

　　54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy

　　55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned

　　56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers

　　57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history

　　58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school

　　59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take

　　60. A. all B. large C. will D. it

　　61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether

　　62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed

　　63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream

　　64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours

　　65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus

　　2010年全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類（B級(jí)）考試參考答案

　　第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

　　1． B [解析]我喜歡這個(gè)戲劇，它情節(jié)巧妙，臺(tái)詞幽默。boririg：乏味的，無(wú)聊的，如： It，s a boring film.這是一部乏味的電影。humorou：幽默的，如：He is a humorous man.他這個(gè)人很幽默。original：最初的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的，如：If the painting is an original，it will be very valuable.如果這幅畫是真跡，那么一定會(huì)價(jià)值連城。long：長(zhǎng)的，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的，如：She is a girl with long hair.她留著長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)。只有humorous和funny意思上最為接近。

　　2． D [解析]在這一過(guò)程中，光能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮�。reduce：減少，如：He is trying to reduce expenses.他正試圖減少開支。drop：降落，降低，如：The bottle dropped and broke.瓶子掉下來(lái)摔碎了。leave：離開，如：Mr. Smith left the room at two o'clock.史密斯先生兩點(diǎn)離開了房間。change：改變，如：In autumn the leaves change from green to brown.秋天樹葉由綠色變成黃褐色。只有change和convert意思上最為接近。

　　3． D[解析] Patricia充滿仇恨．地盯著其他女孩子。doubt：疑問(wèn)，不確定，如：The out come of the election remains in doubt.選舉的結(jié)果仍然不能肯定。surprise：驚訝，如：To my surprise，he refused to cooperate with us.令我吃驚的是，他不肯與我們合作。love：愛(ài)，如：My mother's love for me was very great.我母親對(duì)我的愛(ài)是很深的。anger：怒氣，如：I couldn't restrain my anger.我無(wú)法抑制我的憤怒。只有anger和resentment意思上最為接近。

　　4． B [解析]小偷最后在距離村子兩英里的地方被抓獲了。kill：殺死，如：He was killed in the air crash．他在空難中死去。catch：抓住，如：I'II throw the ball and you catch it．我扔球你接。find：發(fā)現(xiàn)：如：Newton found that all masses attract each other.牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的物質(zhì)都相互吸引。jail：監(jiān)禁，如：He was jailed for twenty years.他被監(jiān)禁了20年。只有catch和capture意思上最為接近。

　　5． D [解析]要建立這么一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)花銷會(huì)非常大。destroy：破壞，如：A fire destroyed the house.一場(chǎng)火毀壞了那座房屋。transfer：轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動(dòng)，如：She has been transferred to another department．她已被調(diào)往另一部門。update：更新，如：The data should be updated once a week.這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。establish：建立，如：Our hospital was established in 1950．我們的醫(yī)院建于一九五O年。只有establish和set up意思上最為接近。

　　6． A [解析]如果現(xiàn)在出發(fā)，我們應(yīng)該可以避開交通高峰期。avoid：避免，如：She braked suddenly and avoided an accident.她緊急剎車，避免了一場(chǎng)車禍。mix：混合，如：You can，t mix oil with water.你不能把油和水混合。stop：停止，如：My watch has stopped.我的表停了。direct：指引，指導(dǎo)，如：Would you please direct me to the zoo?請(qǐng)問(wèn)去動(dòng)物園怎么走？只有avoid和miss意思上最為接近。

　　7． D [解析]他花了好多年的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)知識(shí)。use：使用，如：May I use your pen? 我用一下你的筆可以嗎？deny：否認(rèn)，如：No one can deny the fact that fire burns.無(wú)人能否認(rèn)火能燃燒的事實(shí)。share：分享，如：Sam and I share a room.山姆和我合住一間房間。develop：發(fā)展，如：Her friendship with David developed slowly.她與戴維的友誼發(fā)展緩慢。只有develop和cultivate意思上最為接近。

　　8． C [解析]這兩家銀行已經(jīng)宣布了明年合并的計(jì)劃。close：關(guān)閉，如：She closed the door softly.她輕輕地關(guān)上門。sell：賣，如：It is not price but quality that sells our shoes.我們的鞋好賣不是因?yàn)閮r(jià)錢低而是因?yàn)橘|(zhì)量好。combine：聯(lián)合，如：Some films combine education with recreation.有些電影把教育與娛樂(lè)結(jié)合起來(lái)。break：打破，如：The plate broke to pieces when it fell on the floor.盤子落在地上摔碎了。只有combine和merge意思上最為接近。

　　9． C [解析]很多城市限制在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。allow：允許，如：Swimming is not allowed at this beach.這片海灘禁止游泳。keep：保留，如：We keep food in a refrigerator.我們把食物存放在冰箱里。limit：限制，如：The teacher limited his students t0 500 words for their compositions.老師把學(xué)生的作文限制在五百字以內(nèi)。stop：停止，如：Stop for a while and take a rest.停一會(huì)兒休息休息。只有l(wèi)imit和restrict意思上最為接近。

　　10.D [解析]我想給我的兒子們提供好的教育。special：特殊的，特別的，如：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特殊場(chǎng)合，他從不喝酒。general：普遍的，一般的，如：This is a general magazine.這是一本普通雜志。private：私下的，私人的，如：That's my private vlew.那是我個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)。good：好的，如：Exercise is good for health.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康。只有g(shù)ood和decent意思上最為接近。

　　11．C [解析]如果我留在這里，那么提拔的幾率有多大？advertisement：廣告，如：Adver-tisement helps to sell goods.廣告有助于推銷商品。replacement：替代品，替代者，如：My secre tary leaves us next week，so we are advertising for a replacement.我的秘書下星期要走，所以我們現(xiàn)在正登廣告招聘一位替代者。advancement：進(jìn)步，晉升，如：His advancement to major came two years ago.他于兩年前被提升為少校。retirement：退休，如：She took to painting after retirement.她退休后愛(ài)上繪畫。只有advancement和promotion意思上最為接近。

　　12.B [解析]我們已經(jīng)看到解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題的方法有了明顯的改變。regular：規(guī)律的，如：He's got no regular job.他沒(méi)有固定的工作。clear：清楚的，如：We had a clear view of the mountains.我們清楚地看到群山。quick：快速的，如：He is quick to understand.他理解能力強(qiáng)。great：好的，偉大的，如：Einstein was agreat scientist.愛(ài)因斯坦是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家。只有clear和marked意思上最為接近。

　　13.C [解析]她的父親沉默寡言、舉止文雅。similar：類似的，如：My view is similar to yours.我的看法與你相似。bad：壞的，糟糕的，如：The weather was really bad.天氣真糟。polite：禮貌的，如：He's always so polite to people.他對(duì)人總是非常有禮貌。usual：平時(shí)的，如：Shall we meet at the usual time and place?我們?cè)诶系胤�、老時(shí)間見(jiàn)面好嗎？只有polite和grace ful意思上最為接近。

　　14.C [解析]他講完話后的沉默意味深長(zhǎng)。short：短暫的，如：The railway station is only a short distance from here.火車站離這里很近。sudden：突然的，如：His rise to power was very sudden.他的掌權(quán)十分突然。deep：深刻的，深?yuàn)W的，如：Mathematics is too deep for me.我覺(jué)得數(shù)學(xué)太深?yuàn)W。proud：驕傲的，如：He's too proud to speak to poor people like us.他太驕傲了，從不與我們這樣的窮人說(shuō)話。只有deep和profound意思上最為接近。

　　15.C[解析]該文件是由衛(wèi)生部起草的。print：打印，如：The book was printed on rough yellow paper.這本書用粗糙的黃紙印刷。send：寄送，發(fā)送，如：She sent me a Christmas card.她給我寄來(lái)一張圣誕賀卡。write：寫，如：He wr，te lots of poems in his life.他一生中寫了許多詩(shī)。attach：貼上，系上，如：He'II attach the label to your Iuggage.他會(huì)把標(biāo)簽系在你的行李上。只有write和compile意思上最為接近。

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷

　　16.A[解析]在英國(guó)，2007年有11，990名女士死于乳腺癌。根據(jù)第二段：The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11．990 women died in the UK in 2007.英國(guó)癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國(guó)婦女的死亡人數(shù)是11，990。雖然沒(méi)有專門強(qiáng)調(diào)這一死亡人數(shù)是由于乳腺癌而死亡，不過(guò)根據(jù)句子中的Cancer Research和第一段的內(nèi)容推斷這里即乳腺癌患者的死亡人數(shù)。因此該論斷是正確的。

　　17．A[解析]在英國(guó)，乳腺癌患者的死亡率統(tǒng)計(jì)是從1971年開始的。根據(jù)文章第三段中：The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began…。先前的最低點(diǎn)是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計(jì)的那一年。由此得知該論斷是正確的。

　　18.B [解析]在英國(guó)被診斷為乳腺癌的比例一直在降低。根據(jù)第四段：- despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often。…盡管被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)。由此可知該論斷是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　19.C [解析]該論斷文章中未提及。

　　20.C[解析]該論斷文章中未提及。

　　21.B [解析]2005年死于乳腺癌的患者少于2004年。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中：There was a slight rise in 2005。2005年人數(shù)輕微上升。由此可以推斷該論斷是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　22．C[解析]最后一段說(shuō)obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption是誘發(fā)乳腺癌的原因之一，但并未提及其他疾病，因此選C。put down to的意思是"歸因于"。

　　參考譯文

　　乳腺癌死亡率創(chuàng)新低

　　婦女死于乳腺癌的記錄已經(jīng)下降到了歷史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)降到不足12，000，這是有史第一次。

　　英國(guó)癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國(guó)婦女死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)是11，990。

　　先前的最低點(diǎn)是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計(jì)的那一年。之后，直到20世紀(jì)80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。

　　英國(guó)癌癥研究中心的首席臨床醫(yī)師彼得·約翰遜教授說(shuō)，雖然被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比過(guò)去40年的任何時(shí)候都少真是令人歡欣鼓舞。

　　科學(xué)研究在對(duì)女性患者進(jìn)行更有效地治療和更好地管理的過(guò)程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。

　　國(guó)民保健制度乳腺掃描計(jì)劃的引進(jìn)也做出了貢獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)樵缙谠\斷出的癌癥患者更容易生存下來(lái)。

　　在英國(guó)，乳腺癌是現(xiàn)在的最常見(jiàn)的癌癥，每年有45，500女性被診斷出患乳腺癌--這個(gè)數(shù)字在25年中增加了50%。死亡的人數(shù)在1989年達(dá)到最高--15，625婦女死亡。接著死亡人數(shù)每年減少200到400人，這持續(xù)到2004年。這一數(shù)字在2005年有輕微的上升，然后是兩年的下降。

　　"突破乳腺癌"的政策經(jīng)理莎拉·肯特博士說(shuō)："越來(lái)越少的婦女死于乳腺癌，對(duì)改善治療、乳腺掃描和疾病意識(shí)的影響力的著重強(qiáng)調(diào)，都是令人振奮的消息。"

　　"然而，仍然有很多婦女患病，這種疾病的發(fā)生率仍在逐年增加。"

　　不斷上升的乳腺癌發(fā)生率歸因于多種因素，其中包括肥胖和飲酒。

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

　　23.F[解析]第一段的大意即：什么是帕金森綜合征？因此選F。

　　24.E [解析]第二段的大意即：什么原因?qū)е屡两鹕�癥？因此選E。

　　25.D [解析]第三段的大意即：帕金森綜合征的典型癥狀是什么？因此選D。

　　26.B[解析]第四段的大意即：如何治療帕金森癥？因此選B。

　　27.A [解析]如果你的體內(nèi)沒(méi)有足夠多的多巴胺，那么你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)活動(dòng)起來(lái)有困難。根據(jù)第一段最后一句：Then you no longer have enough dopamine，and you have trouble moving the way you want to．因此選A。

　　28．F[解析]人們正在進(jìn)行大量的研究來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致帕金森綜合征的原因。根據(jù)第二段前三句話及后面提到的aging，poisons in environment等可推斷應(yīng)選F。

　　29.E[解析]帕金森癥最主要的一個(gè)癥狀就是顫抖，顫抖也可能是你注意到的最初癥狀。根據(jù)是第三段的第一句話：Tremor may be the first symptom you notice.可知E正確。

　　30.C [解析]得了帕金森癥的病人必須要學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)這種疾病，因?yàn)檫@還是一種不治之癥。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句：At this time，there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.可知應(yīng)選C。

　　參考譯文

　　帕金森氏綜合征

　　帕金森氏綜合征會(huì)影響你行動(dòng)的方式。當(dāng)大腦的某些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，這種疾病就會(huì)爆發(fā)。正常情況下，這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種叫多巴胺的重要的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。多巴胺會(huì)向你的大腦中控制行為的部分發(fā)出信號(hào)。它使你的肌肉能活動(dòng)自如，做你想做的事。一旦你患上帕金森氏綜合征，這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞就會(huì)出問(wèn)題。接著，你不再有足夠的多巴胺，并開始行動(dòng)困難。

　　沒(méi)人知道什么促使這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。但是，科學(xué)家們做了很多研究來(lái)尋找答案。

　　他們研究了很多可能的病因，包括年齡老化和環(huán)境污染。在某些人身上，似乎是不正常的基因?qū)е铝伺两鹕�氏綜合征的發(fā)病。但是目前沒(méi)有足夠的證據(jù)表明它是遺傳的。

　　顫抖可能是你注意到的第一個(gè)癥狀。雖然并不是每一位患者都有這種癥狀，但是它是這種疾病最常見(jiàn)的表現(xiàn)之一。更重要的是，并不是每一個(gè)顫抖的人都患有帕金森氏綜合征。顫抖往往從一條胳膊，一條腿或身體的一側(cè)開始。這種情況在你醒著但是沒(méi)有移動(dòng)受影響的胳膊或者腿時(shí)更嚴(yán)重些。但是當(dāng)你移動(dòng)肢體或睡眠時(shí)情況會(huì)有所緩和。不久，帕金森氏綜合征會(huì)影響你的全身肌肉，導(dǎo)致吞咽困難及便秘。在疾病后期，患這種病的人可能會(huì)有表情僵化，言語(yǔ)困難及其他一些問(wèn)題。一些患者也會(huì)思維退化。

　　現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有辦法治愈帕金森氏綜合征。但是有幾種藥物能控制癥狀并讓患者好受些。如果你的癥狀很輕微的話，你可能根本不需要治療。直到你的癥狀影響到你的日常生活方式時(shí)，醫(yī)生才會(huì)給你開藥。伴隨著你的癥狀的惡化，醫(yī)生將會(huì)調(diào)整用藥。為了得到最好的療效你得吃幾種藥。

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31.D [解析]根據(jù)是第一段中：…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span。在人的整個(gè)生命進(jìn)程中，其心臟不時(shí)產(chǎn)生新的心肌細(xì)胞。言外之意，這個(gè)過(guò)程直到人死才會(huì)停止。

　　32.C [解析]根據(jù)是第二段中：The finding，…，could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases 這一研究成果將為心臟病的醫(yī)治開拓新的途徑。

　　33.C[解析]第四段說(shuō)，一個(gè)人20歲時(shí)，其每年被更替的心肌細(xì)胞為1%，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，該更替率( turnover rate)不斷下降，等到75歲時(shí)，只有0.45%。

　　34.A [解析]倒數(shù)第三段說(shuō)：Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying。慢性心衰是由心肌細(xì)胞死亡導(dǎo)致的。

　　35.C[解析]最后一句說(shuō)：心臟產(chǎn)生的新細(xì)胞的數(shù)量是按照健康心臟計(jì)算的，而有心臟病的細(xì)胞更替率是否與健康心臟相同還不得而知。

　　參考譯文

　　人類心臟可以制造新的細(xì)胞

　　科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在人的整個(gè)生命進(jìn)程中，心臟會(huì)持續(xù)產(chǎn)生新的心肌細(xì)胞，盡管新細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的速度會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而降低，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)解決了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)的一個(gè)謎團(tuán)。

　　這一研究成果發(fā)表于《科學(xué)》雜志四月三號(hào)那一期，專家稱，這一研究成果將為心臟�。ɡ�如心臟衰竭和心臟病發(fā)作）的醫(yī)治開拓新的途徑。

　　研究負(fù)責(zé)人Jonas Frisen博士是瑞典斯德哥爾摩卡羅琳斯卡研究院研究干細(xì)胞的教授。

　　他說(shuō)："我們發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟中的心肌細(xì)胞會(huì)被更替。在此之前我們不知道我們生來(lái)就擁有的心肌細(xì)胞是固定的還是可以更新。"

　　Frisen補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這些細(xì)胞的更替過(guò)程會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化。一個(gè)人20歲時(shí)，其每年被更替的心肌細(xì)胞大約為1%，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，該更替率不斷下降，等到75歲時(shí)，只有0. 45%。

　　Frisen說(shuō)："如果我們知道新的心肌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的規(guī)律，也許就有可能研發(fā)出在心臟病發(fā)后能促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生成的藥物。"

　　那將有助于受損心臟恢復(fù)。

　　該研究論文的合著者Ratan Bhardwaj博士說(shuō)："很多人都在忍受慢性心衰的折磨。"

　　Ratan Bhardwaj也是來(lái)自于卡羅琳斯卡研究院，他說(shuō)："慢性心衰是由心肌細(xì)胞死亡引發(fā)的。"

　　有了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，"科學(xué)家即將開啟一扇通往自愈潛在療法的大門"，Bhardwaj說(shuō)："也許我們可以設(shè)計(jì)出一種藥物制劑使心臟細(xì)胞生成出更多更新的細(xì)胞來(lái)克服它們面臨的問(wèn)題。"

　　不過(guò)障礙依然存在。根據(jù)Bhardwaj的觀點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家還不知道如何才能使心臟細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的速度超過(guò)其死亡的速度，尤其是對(duì)于患有心臟病的老年人。此外，心臟產(chǎn)生的新細(xì)胞的數(shù)量是按照健康心臟計(jì)算的，而有心臟病的細(xì)胞更替率能否與健康心臟相同還不得而知。

　　第二篇

　　36.A [解析]第一段最后一句提到：山里的積雪比平時(shí)融化得多一些，因此尸體就顯露出來(lái)了。

　　37.C[解析]第二段提到：除了頭部一處傷以外，骨架保存完好。這里是在暗示該冰人死于頭上的傷，因?yàn)槠渌�身體部位都是完好的。

　　38.D[解析]第三段后三句分別提到了A、B、C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，唯獨(dú)D選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容沒(méi)有提及。

　　39.B [解析]根據(jù)是第四段的倒數(shù)第三句：This means that the was probably in some kind of battle，

　　40.A [解析]bandit -詞的意思是：強(qiáng)盜，土匪，因此選robber和它意思上最為接近。

　　參考譯文

　　冰人

　　1991年9月的一天，兩個(gè)德國(guó)人正在攀登位于奧地利和意大利之間的山脈，在山上一處要隘發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具躺在冰上的尸體。在那個(gè)高度（10，499英尺，3，200米），山上是常年結(jié)冰的，但是1991年特別溫暖。山上的冰比往年融化得多，因此尸體就出現(xiàn)在冰面上了。

　　這具尸體面部朝下。除了頭上的傷外，骨骼很完整。骨頭上仍然保留著皮膚和衣物的殘留。手上攥著一把斧頭的木頭把，腳上還穿著皮革布料制成的靴子。旁邊還有一雙樹皮制成的手套和一個(gè)箭托。

　　這人是誰(shuí)？他怎么樣死的？何時(shí)死的？每個(gè)人對(duì)這些問(wèn)題都有不同的回答。一些人認(rèn)為這是本世紀(jì)死于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的士兵的尸體，因?yàn)檫@一區(qū)域有好幾個(gè)士兵的尸體被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

　　一位瑞士婦女認(rèn)為那人是她父親，他二十多年前死于這片山巒上而且尸體從未被找到過(guò)。蜂擁而至查看這具尸體的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為它的年代更久遠(yuǎn)，也許有一千多年了。

　　用現(xiàn)代斷代技術(shù)，科學(xué)家們很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)冰人大約有5，300歲了。冰人生于公元前3300年，他生活在青銅器時(shí)代的歐洲。最初，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他可能是一位死于高山上一場(chǎng)意外的獵戶。然而更多的證據(jù)卻顯示了一個(gè)完全不同的故事。一種新型的X射線顯示他的肩膀上仍然插著一個(gè)箭頭。它僅在他的皮膚上留下了微小的孔，但是卻導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)損傷和出血。

　　基本上肯定他是由于這個(gè)傷口致死，而不是死于頭后部的傷口。這表明他可能死于某場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗中。也許這是一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)役的一部分，或者他是死于同強(qiáng)盜搏斗中。他甚至可能本身就是一個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。

　　通過(guò)研究他的衣物和工具，科學(xué)家們得到了很多關(guān)于他生活的年代的信息。雖然我們永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道他是如何死的，但是他卻已經(jīng)讓我們了解了很多關(guān)于那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)年代的重要?dú)v史線索。

　　第三篇

　　41.D [解析]第二段的最后一句：Sometimes，if hope makes people put off getting on with their life，it can get in the way of happiness.有時(shí)候，如果希望使人們不能適應(yīng)自己的生活，那么希望就會(huì)阻礙幸福。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)人們能適應(yīng)自己的生活時(shí)，就會(huì)更幸福。第五段也提到We think they were happier because they got on with their lives.因此選D。

　　42．B [解析]第三段說(shuō)…studied patients who had new colostomies…colostomy是結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)。因此B是正確答案。

　　43.A[解析]第五段說(shuō)覺(jué)得幸福的那組"We think they were happier because they got on with their lives."第六段說(shuō)不幸福的那組"They contrasted their current life with the Iife they hoped to lead，and didn't make the best of their current situation."因此答案應(yīng)為A。

　　44.B [解析]答案所在段是第六段"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed,"he added."They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation."由此可見(jiàn)，不幸福的原因是B。

　　45.B [解析]該題目是文章主旨題。本文的中心是說(shuō)希望不一定都能帶來(lái)幸福，要能面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，適應(yīng)不幸，才會(huì)更幸福。A項(xiàng)civing up hope means glving up happiness.和C項(xiàng)Hope is what makes people move on.都與本文主旨不符。D項(xiàng)Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness中frequently（經(jīng)常地）使用不當(dāng)，該命題是錯(cuò)誤的。B項(xiàng)Letting go of hope is at timesa better choice.符合本文主題。

　　參考譯文

　　密歇根州立大學(xué)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)研究人員的一個(gè)研究表明，對(duì)慢性病人來(lái)說(shuō)，抱有希望或許并不能使病人更快樂(lè)。

　　行為與決策醫(yī)學(xué)U-M中心主任，快樂(lè)無(wú)望研究的作者之一，Peter A．Ubel M.D說(shuō)："希望是快樂(lè)的一個(gè)重要部分，但是希望有一個(gè)灰暗面。有時(shí)候，如果希望使人們不能適應(yīng)自己的生活，那么希望就會(huì)阻礙幸福。"

　　這個(gè)結(jié)果顯示，如果人們認(rèn)為目前的處境是短期的，人們就不容易適應(yīng)它。來(lái)自卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)的Ubel和他的合作者研究剛做完結(jié)腸造口術(shù)的病人發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的結(jié)腸被移除，并且他們不得不排便于一個(gè)身體外面的袋子里。

　　在他們做結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)的時(shí)候，一些病人被告知這個(gè)手術(shù)是可逆的--他們將在數(shù)月后接受第二次手術(shù)，重新建立正常的大便通道。而另外一些病人被告知這個(gè)手術(shù)是永久的，他們以后將再也沒(méi)有正常的大便功能。報(bào)道稱，第二組，就是沒(méi)有希望的那組，在之后的六個(gè)多月里比要做可逆結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)的那組更快樂(lè)。

　　身兼內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)通訊員教授的Ubel說(shuō)："我們認(rèn)為第二組比較快樂(lè)是因?yàn)樗麄冞m應(yīng)了自己的生活。他們認(rèn)識(shí)到自己手里的牌，并且知道除了玩這些牌沒(méi)有其他選擇余地。"

　　他同時(shí)補(bǔ)充道："第一組在等待他們的結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)被扭轉(zhuǎn)，他們總是拿現(xiàn)在的生活和他們想要的生活作比較，沒(méi)有很好地適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的情況。"

　　Ubel說(shuō)："希望不一定給患者帶來(lái)最大的利益，它可能會(huì)干擾患者情緒的適應(yīng)性，我認(rèn)為我們不該放棄希望。但是我們?cè)趲椭鷦e人建立希望時(shí)應(yīng)該倍加小心，如果希望過(guò)大，他們就不能過(guò)真正屬于自己的生活。"

　　第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

　　46.B [解析]該空格前一句提到Semler去掉了一些不是必須的工作崗位，例如秘書和接待員，而后面一句就說(shuō)明這樣做的好處：既經(jīng)濟(jì)又平等，即B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

　　47.C[解析]該段主要講的是辦公室的結(jié)構(gòu)變化，例如老板和員工的辦公室都是用植物隔開的，還提到了員工的著裝也較為自由，因此這里選C合適，即：?jiǎn)T工可以隨心所欲地裝飾他們自己的辦公室。

　　48.D[解析]該段以負(fù)責(zé)公司油泵維修的Rubin Agater為例來(lái)做說(shuō)明。該段前一句提到公司的油泵( pump)出問(wèn)題了，而Rubin Agater是這方面的專家。因此選D。

　　49.F[解析]該段第一句即說(shuō)明該公司在工作時(shí)間和其他方面的靈活性和對(duì)員工的自由度和益處，例如員工可以自己決定幾點(diǎn)來(lái)上班。只有F選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容（使用公司的機(jī)器用來(lái)做自己的項(xiàng)目，而且員工每年有至少三十天的假期）和這一思路吻合。

　　50.A [解析]該段前兩句中提到：Semler說(shuō)這源自同事的壓力，來(lái)自同事的壓力讓每一個(gè)員工為其他員工努力工作。因此選A。

　　參考譯文

　　Semco

　　Ricardo Semler 21歲時(shí)成為他父親位于巴西的公司Semco的老板，這是一個(gè)船舶零件銷售公司。Semler是個(gè)工作狂，每天從上午七點(diǎn)半工作至午夜。一天下午，當(dāng)他在紐約一家工廠參觀時(shí)病倒了。他的主治醫(yī)生說(shuō)："你沒(méi)什么大礙，不過(guò)如果你還繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，你將在我們醫(yī)院里找到一個(gè)新家。"Semler領(lǐng)會(huì)了醫(yī)生的意思。他改變了工作方式，實(shí)際上他也改變了他的員工工作的方式。

　　他讓員工承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任，以便于當(dāng)事情出差錯(cuò)時(shí)憂心忡忡的人不是他而是他的員工。他允許員工自己設(shè)定薪水，把他認(rèn)為可有可無(wú)的職位例如接待員和秘書去掉。這一做法既省錢又給公司帶來(lái)更多的公平。"在Semco的每個(gè)人，甚至是高層管理者都要親自負(fù)責(zé)接待來(lái)客、復(fù)印資料、收發(fā)傳真、打印信件和撥打電話。"

　　他完全重組了辦公室：在Semco，植物取代了墻壁，這樣一來(lái)，老板就不能把自己關(guān)在房間和大家隔絕。而且員工也可以隨心所欲地裝飾他們的辦公室。至于上班的制服，有人穿套裝也有人穿T恤。

　　Semler說(shuō)："我們有一個(gè)銷售經(jīng)理名字叫做Rubin Agater，他整天坐在辦公室看報(bào)紙，甚至都不做出忙碌的樣子�？墒侨绻�在地球的另一端我們公司的一臺(tái)泵要是壞了，幾百萬(wàn)加侖的石油流到大海里，那么他會(huì)立刻行動(dòng)起來(lái)。關(guān)于我們的泵以及泵的維修他了如指掌。這就是他賺錢的時(shí)候。至于其余時(shí)間他看上去一點(diǎn)也不忙碌，沒(méi)有人會(huì)在意的。"

　　Semco的工作時(shí)間很靈活，員工自己決定幾點(diǎn)上班。員工們還一年兩次對(duì)他們的老板進(jìn)行評(píng)估。此外，Semco還讓員工使用公司的機(jī)器來(lái)做自己的項(xiàng)目，并且員工每年有至少三十天的假期。

　　這種方法聽(tīng)上去很好，不過(guò)奏效嗎？看一下數(shù)據(jù)就知道了：在過(guò)去的六年中，Semco的年收入從3千5百萬(wàn)美元上升至2. 12億美元，公司員工規(guī)模已經(jīng)從800人壯大到3000人。這些是什么原因呢？

　　Semler說(shuō)這源自同事的壓力，來(lái)自同事的壓力讓每一個(gè)員工為其他員工努力工作。如果有人工作不努力，那么其他人就不會(huì)讓這樣的局面繼續(xù)下去。換句話說(shuō)，Ricardo Semler把他的員工當(dāng)做成年人對(duì)待，期望他們用成年人的方式去工作。他的員工也確實(shí)如他所愿。

　　第6部分：完形填空

　　51.A[解析]孩子住院了，父母的第一反應(yīng)肯定是要和孩子在一起。"to be with somebody"表示"和誰(shuí)在一起"。

　　52.D[解析]給父母在病房里提供床或沙發(fā)，是讓他們和孩子一起過(guò)夜。ovemight：整夜地，意思符合題意。

　　53.D [解析]此處應(yīng)指允許父母在醫(yī)院里陪孩子這種做法(practice)。

　　54.B[解析]醫(yī)院擔(dān)心父母一離開，孩子會(huì)十分不安(upset)，所以干脆不讓父母和孩子見(jiàn)面。

　　55.A [解析]Pamela的研究使兒科護(hù)理的面貌發(fā)生了改變(change)。

　　56.B [解析]前面提到Pamela是一位護(hù)士(nurse)。

　　57.B[解析]英語(yǔ)里表示"在什么背景下"用"against the background of"這一搭配。

　　58.A[解析]此處顯然指允許父母到醫(yī)院探望孩子的時(shí)間。

　　59.C[解析]前面已經(jīng)提到去醫(yī)院探望(visit)孩子。

　　60.A[解析]本句意思是，如果父母干脆就不來(lái)醫(yī)院探望孩子會(huì)發(fā)生的情況。not at all: 一點(diǎn)也不。

　　61.B[解析]that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾并說(shuō)明hope的具體內(nèi)容。

　　62.D [解析]be allowed to do sth：被允許做某事。孩子們獨(dú)自一人悶悶不樂(lè)，因此應(yīng)該允許父母親來(lái)探視。

　　63.A[解析]該篇文章的主題就是護(hù)士Parmela的工作(work)所產(chǎn)生的重大影響。

　　64.C [解析]"the days"表示"時(shí)代"。

　　65.A [解析]which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面提到的整件事情。

　　參考譯文

　　護(hù)士，我要媽媽

　　小孩子生病住院時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)的第一反應(yīng)是陪在他們身邊。

　　現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)醫(yī)院都在病房?jī)?nèi)提供床或沙發(fā)，允許父母陪孩子過(guò)夜。

　　但直到20世紀(jì)70年代，這個(gè)習(xí)慣不僅遭至不滿，而且還被積極阻止。工作人員擔(dān)心父母一離開，孩子們會(huì)煩躁不安，因此就設(shè)置了全面禁令。

　　一位有心的護(hù)士，帕梅拉·霍桑，不同意此種做法，她的研究《護(hù)士，我要媽媽》發(fā)表于1974年，改變了兒科護(hù)理的面貌。

　　索爾福德大學(xué)護(hù)理專業(yè)的教授馬丁·約翰遜說(shuō)，像帕梅拉這樣的護(hù)士的工作改變了病人護(hù)理的面貌。

　　"帕梅拉的研究是在兒科學(xué)和心理學(xué)的激烈論辯的背景下完成的，這一論辯是關(guān)于女性應(yīng)該與孩子在醫(yī)院久的世界待在一起的程度以及在何種程度上允許她們探望住院的孩子。"

　　"一般的想法是如果母親來(lái)到醫(yī)院探望小孩，小孩就會(huì)煩躁不安，幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)無(wú)法安撫。"

　　"但這個(gè)護(hù)士卻注意到，如果母親完全不來(lái)探望，孩子會(huì)處于一種相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)，但他們可能會(huì)感到沮喪。"

　　"當(dāng)然我們現(xiàn)在知道了他們當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎放棄了母親再度回來(lái)的希望。"

　　"為了避免小小的痛苦，他們說(shuō)誰(shuí)也不應(yīng)該來(lái)探望。"

　　"但是孩子們那時(shí)是孤單沮喪的，所以霍桑說(shuō)應(yīng)該允許父母探望孩子。"

　　英國(guó)皇家護(hù)理學(xué)院的執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)和秘書長(zhǎng)皮特·卡特博士說(shuō)帕梅拉的工作有著開創(chuàng)性的意義。

　　"她的研究使得父母在醫(yī)院病房門口將自己的孩子交到陌生人手上的日子一去不復(fù)返了。"

　　"結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在家長(zhǎng)和護(hù)工被視為護(hù)理方面的搭檔，家長(zhǎng)還獲得了與住院的孩子待在一起的機(jī)會(huì)，這就顯著地改善了家長(zhǎng)和孩子的護(hù)理體驗(yàn)。"