第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

　　1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.

　　A. bad

　　B. polite

　　C. similar

　　D. usual

　　2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.

　　A. love

　　B. surprise

　　C. doubt

　　D. anger

　　3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.

　　A. energentic

　　B. physical

　　C. regular

　　D. free

　　4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.

　　A. failure

　　B. confusion

　　C. doubt

　　D. relief

　　5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.

　　A. evidence

　　B. danger

　　C. case

　　D. picture

　　6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.

　　A. long

　　B. original

　　C. humorous

　　D. boring

　　7. He demolished my arguments in minutes.

　　A. disproved

　　B. disputed

　　C. accepted

　　D. supported

　　8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.

　　A. combine

　　B. sell

　　C. close

　　D. break

　　9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.

　　A. immediate

　　B. great

　　C. equal

　　D. moderate

　　10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.

　　A. private

　　B. general

　　C. good

　　D. special

　　11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.

　　A. attract

　　B. encourage

　　C. require

　　D. spend

　　12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.

　　A. critical

　　B. temble

　　C. necessary

　　D. normal

　　13. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, it's driving me mad.

　　A. measure

　　B. generate

　　C. tolerate

　　D. reduce

　　14. The project required ten years of diligent research.

　　A. hardworking

　　B. scientific

　　C. basic

　　D. social

　　15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.

　　A. unclear

　　B. bright

　　C. bad

　　D. general

　　第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

　　The Writing's on the Wall?

　　Is it art or is it just vandalism (野蠻行為)? Well, it's still a crime, but graffiti (涂鴉) has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his "tag" , TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip - hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and dancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city

　　people who fell left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.

　　An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Creater Manchester, has been sosuccessful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. "We're planning to get people together from different countries like France and Cermany for a week, " says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. " We all share a commen interest and get on really well with each other. " The first site to be chosen was a subway. " Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to graffiti much more now. " By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of "tagging" on people's private property.

　　Street artists Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn't spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spend more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampicn, England. "The whole hip -hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at. " he says.

　　16. Demetrius was a teenager bom in New York.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. The graffiti scheme in Rochodale was for teenagers only.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti aritists came.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. Since the scheme started, new wall in the town were sprayed with graffiti.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. Temper, a street artist, is now head of graffiti club in England.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop culture.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　第三部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：

　　(1)第23-26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；

　　(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Waste Not, Want Not

　　I Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have alwayslooked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.

　　2 The business was an immediate success, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons' shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable.

　　3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.

　　4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment(恭維) if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves. "

　　5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.

　　6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.

　　23. Paragraph 2 __________.

　　24. Paragraph 3 __________.

　　25. Paragraph 4 __________.

　　26. Paragraph 5 __________.

　　A. Professional recognition is obtained

　　B. Ensuring that nothing gets wasted

　　C. A necessary alternative to farming

　　D. Time well spent is rewarded

　　E. Continuing investment is necessary alternative to farming in high stand9rds

　　F. Professional skills are exploited

　　27. Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to _

　　28. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple

　　29. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away , the couple

　　30. Clara spent much of the summer going to London to

　　A. sell fresh vegetables

　　B. turn them into soup

　　C. sell as much as possible

　　D. promote her soups

　　E. fill a gap in the market

　　F. offer a variety of prepared meals

　　第四部分：閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第1篇

　　The Iceman

　　On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.

　　It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(樹皮) and a holder for arrows.

　　Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century , perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I , since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.

　　With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Bom in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.

　　By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has give us important clues to the history of those distant times.

　　31. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because __________.

　　A. he was lying on the ice

　　B. he was just on a mountain pass

　　C. two Germans were climbing the mountains

　　D. the melted ice made him visible

　　32. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

　　A. The Iceman lived a poor life.

　　B. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.

　　C. The Iceman was killed while working.

　　D. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.

　　33. All the following are assumptions once made about the Ice man EXCEPT __________.

　　A. he was a soldier in World War I

　　B. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father

　　C. he came from Italy

　　D. he was born about a thousand years ago

　　34. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman

　　A. had got a wound on the back of his head

　　B. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

　　C. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

　　D. was probably in some kind of a battle

　　35. The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by __________.

　　A. soldiers

　　B. hunters

　　C. robbers

　　D. shooters

　　第2篇

　　The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

　　You hear this:"No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. " You feel sad:"l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

　　Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. "

　　How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陳代謝的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers wam that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result In normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non - obese people.

　　Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 t0 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

　　This did not mean that people are completely without "hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to pusb the weight back to the range it seeks.

　　36. The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determinede by __________.

　　A. Our eating habit

　　B. Our life style

　　C. Our work habit

　　D. Our genes

　　37. In Jules Hirsch's study, the subjects __________.

　　A. showed no health problem

　　B. gained weight rapidly

　　C. were all very short

　　D. lived only on liquid food

　　38. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people __________.

　　A. attempted suicide

　　B. were back to normal weight

　　C. went mad

　　D. followed the advice of Hirsch's

　　39. In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to__________.

　　A. stay in prison

　　B. eat as much as they could

　　C. battle their genetic inheritance

　　D. lower their weight

　　40. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Each person wants to eat to his heart's content.

　　B. Each. person has a weight range of 9kg.

　　C. Each person has a natural weight range.

　　D. Each person wants to control his weight.

　　第3篇

　　Food for Learning

　　In Eritrea, a small country in northeast Africa, approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher in woman. As in many developing countries, many Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women. They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.

　　These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritriea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many developing countnes has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families. In Eritrea, in fact, there is great need for improvement. It is one of the poorest countries in the world. For many Eritrean families, getting enough food is a daily problem.

　　To deal with these problems, the Eritrean government together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for leaming. In primary schools, all the children receive food packages to take home to their families. However, with the new program, the girls receive more food than the boys. This way, parents are encouraged to send their daughter to school rather than keeping them at home.

　　Another govemment program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women, this program offer food rewards (also from World Food Organiza tion) to women and elder girls who are willing to join the program. Because of the war with Ethiopia, many women are bringing up their families on their own. They often live in refugee camps, with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job. They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.

　　The Food for Training program helps the tennagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literate classes for two hours every day. When Food for Training classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5000 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to school before.

　　The organizers of Food for Traing also plans to offer other kinds of courses for women, using the same system of food rewards. In these courses, they will teach women job skills and crafts such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write. They will become aware of what is going on in their country.

　　41. According to the passage, traditional ideas about women __________.

　　A. are rejected by younger generation

　　B. help improve the economy

　　C. hinder economic development '

　　D. have little impact on economic development

　　42. The Eritrean govemment is offering extra food to girls in school in order to __________.

　　A. encourage to keep girls at home

　　B. change traditional attitudes towards women

　　C. help girls feed their families

　　D. creat more jobs for Eritrean teachers

　　43. With the Food for Learning program, women get a large package of food as long as__________.

　　A. they attend free literacy classes every day

　　B. they have no land of their own

　　C. they bring up their families on their own

　　D. they live in refugee camps

　　44. The new literacy programs are an example of __________.

　　A. the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls

　　B. the problems with the aid of international organizations

　　C. local and international organizations working together

　　D. the Eritrean govemment working to keep its power

　　45. According to the passage, Food for Training will__________.

　　A. help women better their lives

　　B. encourage women to leave their country

　　C. teach women about intemational aid

　　D. allow women to spend more time at home

　　第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）

　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5句取自短文，請按照短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

　　I Know Just How You Feel

　　Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart.

　　Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.

　　The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤獨(dú)癥), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".

　　Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.

　　Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.

　　A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .

　　B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.

　　C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.

　　D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.

　　E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".

　　F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it whould have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.

　　第六部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選擇。

　　Racial Prejudice

　　In some countries where racial prejucide is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries _________(51) the white man imposes his rude by brute (粗暴) force; there are countries where the black man protests by _(52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging(搶奪). Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in_________(53) of violence as if it were a legitimate (合法的) solution, _________(54) any other. What is really frightening, what really _________(55) you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch(關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻), we have made no actual _________(56) at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our insticts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded _________(57) of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that_________(58) never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering _________(59) nothing. No solution ever comes to _________(60) the moming after when we dismally(陰郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

　　The truly reasonable men who _________(61) where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted _________(62) their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as low enforcement. If half the energy that goes into _________(63) acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at_________(64) up the slums and ghettos (貧民窟), at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to _________(65) at a solution.

　　51. A. where B. what C. why D. when

　　52. A. fighting B. returning C. catching D. setting

　　53. A. spite B. memory C. need D. favor

　　54. A. to B. through C. like D. as

　　55. A. fills B. puts C. forces D. sets

　　56. A. progress B. decision C. point D. sense

　　57. A. system B. history C. range D. business

　　58. A. argument B. violence C. talk D. research

　　59. A. deal B. have C. mean D. want

　　60. A. light B. life C. end D. mind

　　61. A. suggest B. demand C. consider D. know

　　62. A. by B. for C. with D. of

　　63. A. final B. lawful C. violent D. symbolic

　　64. A. looking B. getting C. taking D. cleaning

　　65. A. meeting B. laughing C. startling D. arriving

2010年全國職稱英語綜合類（A級）考試參考答案

　　第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

　　1． B[解析]本句意思：她的父親是一位舉止優(yōu)雅的安靜的人。polite：有禮貌的，文雅的，例如：He is always polite to people.他總是對人很有禮貌。similar：相似的，類似的，例如：The project in Africa has similar goals.在非洲的計(jì)劃有類似的目的。usual：通常的，如：The child went to school as usual.這孩子像往常一樣上學(xué)去了。Bad：糟糕的，壞的，例如：a bad situation糟糕的情況。

　　2． D[解析]本句意思：帕特麗夏不滿地瞪著其他姑娘。resentment：憤恨；例如：She shows no resentment to anyone.她不怨恨任何人。anger：憤怒，最符合題意。如：The young man just cannot control his anger.那個(gè)年輕人無法控制自己的憤怒。doubt：懷疑。如：There is no doubt our team will win the game.毫無疑問我們隊(duì)會贏得比賽。

　　3． A[解析]本句意思：你的狗每天需要至少20分鐘充沛的運(yùn)動。vigorous：精力充沛的；energentic和它意思相同，表示有活力的，精力充沛的，例如：He is an energetic man. Everyday he works until midnight.他是個(gè)精力旺盛的人，每天都工作到半夜。physical：體力的，身體的，例如：to do physical exercise鍛煉身體。regular：定期的，正式的，例如：He has no regular work.他沒有正式的工作。free：自由的。

　　4． B[解析]本句意思：我們的安排被弄得一團(tuán)糟。turmoil：混亂，騷動；confusion：混亂，困惑，例如：The conference ended in confusion.會議在混亂中結(jié)束。doubt：懷疑，疑惑，例如：I doubt his competence to do the work.我懷疑他是否有能力做那件工作。relief：減除，救濟(jì)，例如：refief fund for the earthquake in Yushu district玉樹地區(qū)的地震救濟(jì)金。

　　5． B [解析]本句意思：陡峭的樓梯對于老年人特別危險(xiǎn)。hazard和danger意思相同，表示危險(xiǎn)的；evidence：證據(jù)，跡象，例如：There is no evidence that there will be an earthquake there.沒有跡象表明那個(gè)地區(qū)會發(fā)生地震。case：情況，如：Is that the case?是這樣的情況嗎？picture：圖片，圖畫。例如：How do you like his picture?你喜歡他的圖畫嗎？

　　6． C[解析]本句意思：我很喜歡那個(gè)游戲--它有巧妙的情節(jié)和有趣的對話。original：原始的，原創(chuàng)的，例如：He can read Shakespeare in the original.他能讀莎士比亞作品的原文。boring：乏味的，無聊的；humorous：幽默的，滑稽的，例如：lndeed he has a solemn face，but he is very humorous at heart.他的確有一副嚴(yán)厲的臉孔，但內(nèi)心卻很富幽默感。

　　7． A [解析]本句意思：他在幾分鐘內(nèi)就駁倒了我的觀點(diǎn)。demolish：推翻，駁倒；dis-rove：反駁，例如：lt is nearly impossible to disprove a rumor.要辟謠幾乎是不可能的。dispute：辯論，懷疑，例如：We disputed with each other on various issues.我們?yōu)楦鞣N問題互相爭論。 support：支持，扶持，如：1 will always support you whatever you do.不論你做什么，我都會支持你。

　　8． A [解析]本句意思：兩家銀行已宣布了在明年合并的計(jì)劃。merge：合并，兼并；combine：使結(jié)合，使聯(lián)合，和merge意思接近，例如：to combine theory with practice理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際；sell：賣，出售；close：停止，關(guān)閉，例如：to close an account關(guān)閉一個(gè)（銀行）賬戶。break：打破，折斷，例如：The old man broke a tooth on a bone.這老人咬骨頭把一顆牙折斷了。

　　9． B[解析]本句意思：社會工作者的定期訪問對獨(dú)居老人很有價(jià)值。lmmense：巨大的、較好的；immediate：立即的，直接的，例如：He demanded immediate payment.他要求立即付款。great：巨大的，符合題意，例如：He achieved great success in his career.他的事業(yè)取得了巨大的成功。equal：平等的，用法為be equal to；moderate：適度的，中等的，例如：lt is a large house．but thegarden is of moderate size.那是一棟大房子，可是花園卻只有一般的大小。

　　10. C[解析]本句意思：我想給我的孩子們提供良好的教育。decent：相當(dāng)好的，體面的；更多用法有：decent income可觀的收入，decent meal像樣的飯，decent cloth體面的服裝；good和它意思相同。private：私人的，隱私的，例如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷總對歌星的私人生活感興趣。general．普遍的，例如：the general public普通大眾。special：特別的，例如：This is a special occasion.這是一個(gè)特殊的場合。

　　11. B[解析]本句意思：低稅收將刺激投資，幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。spur：鞭策,激勵(lì)；attract：吸引，例如：His film has attraced a large audiences.他的電影吸引了很多的觀眾。encourage和spur意思相同，是鼓舞、鼓勵(lì)的意思，例如：New measures have been taken to encourage consumption in China.申國采取了新的舉措來刺激消費(fèi)。require：要求，如：This is the minimum quantity we require.這是我們所要求的最小數(shù)量。spend：花費(fèi)，如：She spent the whole month to prepare for the examination.她用一個(gè)月的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備考試。

　　12. B [解析]本句意思：他被關(guān)押在條件惡劣的監(jiān)獄里。appalling：可怕的，令人震驚的；critical：危險(xiǎn)的，愛挑剔的，例如：He is very critical about food.他對食物特別挑剔。terrible：可怕的；necessary：必要的，必須的，例如：We still lack the necessary information.我們?nèi)匀鄙俦匾�的信息。normal：正常的，例如：lt is normal to feel lonelv sometimes.偶爾會覺得寂寞是很正常的。

　　13． C[解析]本句意思：我不能忍受鄰居的噪音，那快讓我瘋了。put up with：忍受，和tolerate意思相同，例如：The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.學(xué)校無法容忍考試作弊現(xiàn)象。measure：測量，估計(jì)，例如：We cannot measure a man by his failures.我們不能以失敗來衡量一個(gè)人。reduce：減少，縮小，例如：They have to reduce expenses this year.他們今年必須削減開支。

　　14. A[解析]本句意思：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要10年的刻苦鉆研。hardworking：刻苦的，努力的，例如：His success depend on his hardworking and patience.他的成功全靠他的辛勤與耐心。scientific：科學(xué)的，例如：scientific development科學(xué)發(fā)展；basic：基本的，基礎(chǔ)的，例如：My boss can speak some basic English.我的老板能說一些基礎(chǔ)英語。social：社會的，例如：good social order良好的社會秩序。

　　15． A[解析]本句意思：他對自己沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)的原因相當(dāng)糊涂。vague：含糊的，不明確的，它和unclear意思相同，例如：It was still unclear what was the cause of the aircrash.那起空難的原因還不清楚。bright：聰明的，光明的，例如：We enjoyed the bright sunshine.我們享受明媚的陽光。general：-般的，大體的，例如：the general trend of development發(fā)展的大趨勢。bad：糟糕的，壞的，例如：You have to correct your bad habits radically.你必須徹底地改正自己的壞習(xí)慣。

　　第二部分：閱讀判斷

　　16.C [解析]文章的第一段提到"_since a 17 - year - old called Demetrius started spraying his' tag'，TAKI 183，all over the New York underground_"，由此可以得知他是一名青少年，但是沒有證據(jù)顯示他來自于紐約，因此，該判斷在文中沒有提到。

　　17.B [解析]第二段中間一句"The scheme started in 2000，and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes."可以看出，這一計(jì)劃是針對所有年齡的人們，而不只是青少年，所以該判斷錯(cuò)誤。

　　18.C[解析]本題給出的信息文中沒有提及。作者在第二段雖然提到"Before we began，people were afraid to use the subway."在有組織的涂鴉藝術(shù)家們集中在地鐵涂鴉之前，人們害怕搭乘地鐵，但是文中沒有說到人們是否喜歡乘坐地鐵。

　　19.B[解析]文中第二段最后一句提到自從該計(jì)劃實(shí)施以來，由于給藝術(shù)家們提供了展示他們作品的場所，在居民的私人財(cái)產(chǎn)上涂鴉的現(xiàn)象有所下降。很顯然，不可能有新的墻壁被亂涂亂畫。

　　20.A [解析]本題給出的信息正確。從第三段第四句"at 12 years old，Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with who were about 22 years old."可知泰普12歲時(shí)和其他藝術(shù)家一起開始繪畫，他們大約比他大十歲。

　　21.B [解析]文中最后一段提到作為一名涂鴉藝術(shù)家，泰普敬佩并喜歡上了英國Wolvehampicn的藝術(shù)家們。并沒有說他現(xiàn)在是涂鴉俱樂部的負(fù)責(zé)人。

　　22.A [解析]文中最后一段提到"The whole hip - hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything."他參與了有關(guān)嘻哈（文化）的各種活動，因此，該判斷正確。

　　參考譯文

　　墻上的文字

　　它是藝術(shù)還是破壞？是的，它仍然是一種犯罪行為，然而，自人們把自己的名字噴涂在墻壁上以標(biāo)記自己的領(lǐng)地以來，涂鴉已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。1971年，17歲的年輕人狄米特律斯開始在紐約地鐵噴涂他的"標(biāo)簽"TAKI 183，街頭藝術(shù)從此變得更加復(fù)雜，嘻哈文化由此應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。嘻哈音樂是一種音樂、舞蹈、詩歌、語言和時(shí)尚混合的藝術(shù)。它誕生于年輕的城市青年人中，他們感受到富裕同學(xué)的冷落，想要不顧一切地以任何可以使用的任何方式表達(dá)自己的想法。

　　大曼徹斯特地區(qū)的羅切戴爾的一項(xiàng)旨在控制涂鴉傳播的實(shí)驗(yàn)相當(dāng)成功，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕诸^藝術(shù)家制定了計(jì)劃，打算在六月份舉辦一次國際會議。"我們打算讓不同的國家如的法國和德國的藝術(shù)家們在此相聚一個(gè)星期，"主辦人之一萊姆建議。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃開始于2000年，吸引了所有年齡和性別的人。"我們有著共同的興趣，彼此相處的十分融洽。"選擇涂鴉的第一個(gè)地點(diǎn)是一處地鐵。"在我們開始這一計(jì)劃之前，人們害怕使用地鐵。我們把它清理干凈，現(xiàn)在，所有的藝術(shù)家經(jīng)常聚集到那里，人們開始搭乘地鐵，他們能夠欣賞涂鴉了。"提供場所讓人們來展示自己的才華，在居民的私人財(cái)產(chǎn)上噴涂"標(biāo)簽"（涂鴉）的現(xiàn)象有所下降。

　　街頭藝術(shù)家泰很小就開始訓(xùn)練自己的繪畫能力。在學(xué)校的藝術(shù)課程中他非常沮喪，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)老師沒有時(shí)間陪他訓(xùn)練，他們認(rèn)為他在藝術(shù)方面很擅長了，因此花更多的時(shí)間指導(dǎo)其他同學(xué)。所以，在12歲時(shí)，泰普開始和那些22歲左右的家伙們開始一起繪畫。他敬佩并喜歡上了他們在英國的Wolvehampion大街上所作的一切。他說："整個(gè)嘻哈的背景由不同的東西組成。我在每件事上都做了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)嘗試，但是，我還是最擅長于涂鴉。"

　　第三部分：概括大意與完成句子

　　23.C [解析]該段講到他們因?yàn)閰⒓右粓霰荣�，從而使出售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品成為農(nóng)場的另一個(gè)主業(yè)。所以題目應(yīng)該是C--替代耕種的另外一種方法。

　　24.A[解析]克拉拉·達(dá)靈頓除了出售自家農(nóng)場種的食物和本地出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品外，還開設(shè)了一家小咖啡館順便出售自己的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，農(nóng)場的經(jīng)營越來越專業(yè)，并得到行業(yè)的認(rèn)可。

　　25.E [解析]選擇高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、持續(xù)的投資是非常必要的。農(nóng)場為顧客提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

　　26．B [解析]夫婦倆把那些不適合在商店出售的畸形的或是被弄壞的剩余蔬菜做成蔬菜湯，因此該段題目應(yīng)該是確保沒有浪費(fèi)。

　　27.A[解析]文章第一段提到他們在農(nóng)場建了一個(gè)商店，"people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them."他們可以直接購買新鮮蔬菜了。

　　28.F [解析]第二段的第一句"_in addition to a range of home - grown foods and other local produce，she began offering a variety of prepared meals"提供了答案。

　　29.B [解析]第三段第一句"...not wishing to see them get thrown away，decided to turn them into soup."提供了答案。

　　30.C [解析]最后一段第二句說到她夏天的大部分時(shí)間乘坐火車沿著倫敦來回旅行，以展示自己的蔬菜湯，所以應(yīng)該選C，銷售盡量多的產(chǎn)品。

　　參考譯文

　　不浪費(fèi)，自豐足

　　鮑勃和克拉拉·達(dá)靈頓在英格蘭的北部擁有并經(jīng)營著一家農(nóng)場，他們總是尋找新方法以便從種植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品上賺錢。當(dāng)他們在自家農(nóng)場上建立了一家商店后，他們的成功接踵而至，這樣人們能直接到他們那里買到新鮮的蔬菜。

　　生意很快就取得了成功，很快地，他們的商店在一場農(nóng)場零售協(xié)會舉辦的比賽中獲得最高分，成為全英格蘭最好的農(nóng)場商店。協(xié)會的檢查員發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)靈頓的商店提供卓越的服務(wù)和質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉的水果和蔬菜。

　　克拉拉·達(dá)靈頓也是一位訓(xùn)練有素的廚師，除了自家農(nóng)場種的食物和本地出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品外，她開始在農(nóng)家廚房提供各式各樣自己烹調(diào)的食物。不久，她在農(nóng)場的商店旁又開了一家小咖啡館，游客能夠品嘗到菜單中列出的所有菜肴。

　　克拉拉承認(rèn)創(chuàng)業(yè)是昂貴的，并且她一直很努力。但是，如果新產(chǎn)品好，公眾就會意識到這一點(diǎn)并購買它。"不管顧客是來買一片面包，或者要整桌的宴會菜，我的目標(biāo)都是為他們提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。如果人們把我做的一個(gè)菜品帶回家，假裝是他們自己做的，讓家人或是朋友品嘗，我會把這視為對自己的褒獎(jiǎng)。"

　　所以，這對夫婦意識到農(nóng)場上那些畸形的或是被弄壞的剩余蔬菜不適合在商店出售�？死�拉不愿意看到它們被浪費(fèi)掉，于是決定把它們做成湯。

　　這種湯很快受到客戶的青睞�？死�拉現(xiàn)在提供十個(gè)不同種類的湯。她夏天的大部分時(shí)間都在乘坐火車沿著倫敦來回旅行，以展示自己做的蔬菜湯。結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在這些湯上了三家公司旗下的一流鐵路餐廳的餐桌，一些倫敦高級商店也有它的存貨。

　　第四部分：閱讀理解

　　第1篇

　　31.D[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。冰人尸體被發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因在文章的第一段提到"The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface."由止匕知道是融化的冰將他暴露了出來，因此D正確。

　　32．．D[解析]原題是從第二段可以做出什么樣的推斷？本段開頭提到"It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head."（它面朝下，除了頭部有傷外，骨架狀況很好），就此推斷，冰人可能死于頭部傷口，因此答案是D。

　　33.C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是下列哪項(xiàng)不是人們對冰人的猜測。原文在第三段。選項(xiàng)A"他是一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的士兵"，B"他是一位瑞士婦女失蹤多年的父親"和選項(xiàng)D"他大約在一千年前出生"在文中可以找到，而選項(xiàng)C"他來自意大利"在文章中沒有出現(xiàn)。采用排除法得出答案C。

　　34.D [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是科學(xué)家對冰人的推論是什么。原文在第四段。選項(xiàng)A"頭后部有傷口"是事實(shí)而非推論；選項(xiàng)B"皮膚上的小孔導(dǎo)致他的死亡"不符合事實(shí)；選項(xiàng)C"他的肩膀被箭頭刺傷"是事實(shí)而非推論；選項(xiàng)D"有可能參與過戰(zhàn)斗"是推論；因此選D。

　　35.C[解析]本題是詞匯考察題。原題是第四段中"bandits"是什么意思？選項(xiàng)A"戰(zhàn)士"；選項(xiàng)B"獵人"；選項(xiàng)C"強(qiáng)盜"；選項(xiàng)D"射擊手"。該詞意思為"強(qiáng)盜"，因此選C。

　　參考譯文

　　冰人

　　1991年9月的一天，兩位德國人正在攀登奧地利和意大利之間的山脈。在一個(gè)山口，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具躺在冰上的尸體。在這樣的高度（10499英尺或3200米），冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特別暖的一年，山上的冰比以前消融得迅速，所以尸體才顯露出來。

　　他面朝下，除了頭部有傷外，骨架完整。骨頭上依然有皮膚和殘余的衣物。尸體的雙手仍然握著斧頭的木柄，雙腳穿著簡單的皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有一雙樹皮做的手套和一個(gè)箭筒。

　　他是誰？在什么時(shí)候、怎樣死去的？每個(gè)人的解釋不同。有人認(rèn)為他就是本世紀(jì)的人，有可能是一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期陣亡的士兵，因?yàn)樵谶@附近已經(jīng)有士兵被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。一位瑞士婦女相信他是二十年前在這些山脈間去世的父親，只是他的遺體一直沒有被找到。趕去查看的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這一具尸體的年代可能更久遠(yuǎn)，甚至有一千年了。

　　借助現(xiàn)代科技，科學(xué)家們很快獲悉這一冰人已有差不多5300年了。他大約出生在公元前3300年，生活在歐洲的青銅器時(shí)代。起初，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他有可能是在高山間打獵時(shí)因?yàn)槭鹿识�身亡。然而最近的一些證據(jù)顯示出不同。新型的X光掃描表明，他的肩膀上還有一個(gè)箭頭，皮膚上只有一個(gè)小孔，但卻導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部損傷和失血。幾乎可以肯定他死于這個(gè)箭傷，而不是腦后的傷口。這說明他有可能參與過戰(zhàn)爭。有可能是大型戰(zhàn)爭的一部分或者曾經(jīng)和強(qiáng)盜博斗過，甚至他本人就可能是強(qiáng)盜。

　　通過研究他的衣服和工具，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)了解了有關(guān)冰人所生活的時(shí)代的很多內(nèi)容。我們有可能永遠(yuǎn)無法知道他死亡的完整真相，但是他給我們提供了那個(gè)遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的重要線索。

　　第2篇

　　36.D [解析]第一段的后面一句話提到"Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight…"由此可知是你的基因而非生活習(xí)慣決定你的體重。

　　37.D[解析]第三段中說到研究人員給參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的八位胖子每天提供只含600卡路里的流質(zhì)食物。

　　38.B [解析]通過第三段"But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight."可以看出他們的體重最終又恢復(fù)到原來的狀態(tài)，所以選B。

　　39.B [解析]文章第四段講研究人員如何讓瘦人增加體重。Ethan Sims從犯人中招募志愿者，讓他們增加體重的辦法就是讓他們吃盡可能多的食物。

　　40.C [解析]文章最后一段，科學(xué)家們的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了他們認(rèn)為是正確的想法，即"each person has a comfortable weight range"（體重幅度），這個(gè)幅度可能是9公斤，但并非每個(gè)人都是同樣的幅度，所以可以否定干擾項(xiàng)B。

　　參考譯文

　　減肥的最佳途徑

　　"看你，就知道吃，難怪你這么胖。"當(dāng)你聽到這樣的話時(shí)，你會感到萬分沮喪，心想："我不吃早餐也不吃晚飯，而且早晚跑步。我還能怎么辦呢？"對此，你基本上無能為力。因?yàn)槭悄愕幕�因而不是你的生活�?xí)慣決定了你的體重，而且你的身體其實(shí)一直在努力維持著某個(gè)體重。

　　賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的Albert Stunkard從實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)并指出："如果父母肥胖，那他們的孩子有80%也將肥胖，相比之下，如果父母的體重正常，他們的子女體重超標(biāo)的可能性不超過14%。"

　　那么，肥胖者如何才能通過節(jié)食使體重恢復(fù)正常甚至變瘦呢？自然，節(jié)食是有效的，但是，為此付出的健康代價(jià)卻是巨大的。洛克菲勒大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)研究員Jules Hirsch曾經(jīng)做過一項(xiàng)針對8名肥胖者的實(shí)驗(yàn)。給予他們一種流食配方，每天給他們提供600卡的能量。十多周后，被調(diào)查對象平均減重45公斤。但是在他們離開醫(yī)院以后，他們的體重又回升了。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果令人吃驚：通過干預(yù)身體的新陳代謝，減重的肥胖者過著挨餓一般的生活。他們的精神狀態(tài)不佳，夢想著食物或打破這種飲食規(guī)定。他們精神緊張、壓抑，有些人甚至有自殺傾向。他們在自己房間里收藏食物。研究人員警告說，體重的減輕有可能不會帶來正常的體重，它的結(jié)果有可能類似于一個(gè)正常體重者挨餓之后的非正常身體狀況。

　　體重過輕的人則遭受著相反的痛苦：他們得努力增加體重。Vermont大學(xué)的Ethan Sims曾經(jīng)在犯人中選取志愿者做增加體重的實(shí)驗(yàn)。在4到6個(gè)月里，他們吃下盡可能多的食物。結(jié)果，他們的體重都增加了20%到25%。但是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束數(shù)月之后，他們的體重又回到了正常水平，并且基本保持穩(wěn)定。

　　這并不意味著人們對控制體重毫無辦法。如果那些天生肥胖的人想減肥，那么他們將要不懈地與自己的基因做斗爭。同時(shí)，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為科學(xué)家認(rèn)可的某個(gè)真理提供了佐證--每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)適合的體重范圍，這個(gè)范圍大概是9公斤。有些人可能在順其自然的條件下就保持60到69公斤的體重，但是減輕或者增加體重卻是比較困難的。身體會通過饑餓或者飽脹的感覺，并通過調(diào)節(jié)新陳代謝促使體重回到那個(gè)范圍。

　　第3篇

　　41.D[解析]問題是對婦女的傳統(tǒng)觀念是什么。從文章第一段最后一句我們知道，傳統(tǒng)觀念中婦女的作用僅限于照顧家庭，可見，她們對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響微乎其微，所以D正確。

　　42.B[解析]問題是厄立特里亞政府給到學(xué)校上學(xué)的女孩提供更多的食物目的何在？第三段中間說到"…the girls receive more food than the boys. This way，parents are encouraged to send their daughter to school rather than keeping them at home…"顯然，政府此舉在于改變對婦女的傳統(tǒng)觀念。

　　43.A [解析]問題是在什么情況下婦女可以得到一大包食物。第五段第三句"In retum，the women are required to attend free literate classes."即只要她們參加免費(fèi)的識字課就可以領(lǐng)到食物，所以選A。

　　44.C [解析]問題是新掃盲項(xiàng)目是什么的范例，第三段第一句"To deal with thes prob-lems, the Eritrean govemment together with the World Food Program, has a new program that offers food as a reward for leaming."可見，這一項(xiàng)目是當(dāng)?shù)卣�府和國際組織合作的結(jié)果。因此，選項(xiàng)C正確。

　　45.A[解析]問題是食物換學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果是什么。文中第五段的第一句"The Food for Training program helps the tennagers and women change their lives."顯然，該項(xiàng)目期望改善婦女的生活條件。

　　參考譯文

　　學(xué)習(xí)換食品

　　在東北非洲的一個(gè)小國厄立特里亞，大約80%的的人口是文盲。婦女中文盲的比例更高。像很多發(fā)展中國家一樣，許多厄立特里亞人對婦女的角色抱有傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為婦女應(yīng)該呆在家里照顧家庭，不應(yīng)該接受教育或者外出找工作。

　　這些觀念是阻止厄立特里亞及其他發(fā)展中國家改善經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的因素之一。許多發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，受過良好教育的婦女會少生孩子，有更多的機(jī)會來改善她們和家人的生活。事實(shí)上，在厄立特里亞，還有很多地方有待改進(jìn)。厄立特里亞是世界上最貧窮的國家之一。對于許多厄立特里亞人來說，填飽肚子是他們?nèi)粘Ｃ媾R的問題。

　　為了解決這些問題，厄立特里亞政府同世界糧食計(jì)劃署一起實(shí)施一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目，提供食品作為學(xué)習(xí)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。在小學(xué)，所有的孩子都會領(lǐng)到一包食品帶回家。隨著新項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，女孩比男孩得到更多的食物。用這種方式鼓勵(lì)父母送他們的女兒去上學(xué)，而不是讓她們待在家里做家務(wù)活。

　　政府的另一個(gè)旨在為婦女提供教育的項(xiàng)目是學(xué)習(xí)換食品計(jì)劃，它由厄立特里亞全國婦女聯(lián)合會管理，該項(xiàng)目為那些愿意加入培訓(xùn)的婦女和年齡稍大的姑娘們提供食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（也從世界糧食組織獲得）。由于和埃塞俄比亞的戰(zhàn)爭，很多女人支撐著她們的家庭。她們常常住在難民營里，沒有自己的土地，沒有辦法賺錢。這些女性大多數(shù)都是文盲，沒有一技之長去找一份工作。她們大部分的時(shí)間用來尋找食物和為家人做飯。

　　學(xué)習(xí)換食品計(jì)劃可以幫助青少年和女性改變自己的生活。如果她們同意加入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，她們每月會領(lǐng)到一大包食物。作為交換，婦女被要求參加每天兩小時(shí)的免費(fèi)識字課。學(xué)習(xí)換食物計(jì)劃在厄立特里亞的兩個(gè)地區(qū)實(shí)施的前兩個(gè)月，有5000名女性參加了培訓(xùn)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目尤其受到14到16歲女孩子的歡迎，她們之前從來沒有機(jī)會上學(xué)。

　　學(xué)習(xí)換食物計(jì)劃還打算用同樣的食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的方式，為女性提供其他類型的課程。在這些課程中，他們會教婦女一些工作技能和手工藝如編籃子等。這些婦女不僅可以學(xué)習(xí)讀和寫，她們還會了解國家正在發(fā)生的事情。

　　第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文

　　46.A [解析]"He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture."他說這種感情的表達(dá)普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。上一句列舉了六種表情，而this正是指以上的感情的表達(dá)。

　　47.C [解析]"Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions."人們做了研究以期發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦的哪個(gè)區(qū)域讀取表情。該題考察上下文之間的意義關(guān)系。

　　48.F [解析]"We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it whould have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this."我們試圖描述每種情感，但要搞清楚其中的規(guī)律幾乎是不可能的，這就是為什么教授要進(jìn)行不同表情的研究和界定。

　　49.B [解析]"Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective."要展示412種表情，其他任何的方法遠(yuǎn)沒有它有效。文章接下來給出了理由。

　　50.D [解析]"These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it."這些特殊的肌肉很難控制，少數(shù)人才能做到這一點(diǎn)。該句前面講到面部肌肉的控制，因此，選D。

　　參考譯文

　　我懂你的心

　　你覺得難過？快樂嗎？生氣嗎？你可能認(rèn)為你表達(dá)這些情感的方式是獨(dú)一無二的。哦，再想想吧。頭腦閱讀儀，是一種可以顯示人類每一種可能的情緒的DVD，即使是最為私密的個(gè)人感情也可進(jìn)行分類。這種儀器可以準(zhǔn)確地展示我們412種不同的表情，它是第一部可以感受人類內(nèi)心活動的可視字典。

　　人們在十九世紀(jì)中期開始嘗試對表情進(jìn)行分類，那時(shí)達(dá)爾文把人的表情劃分為六種類型--憤怒、恐懼、悲傷、厭惡、驚喜和快樂。他表示這種感情的表達(dá)普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。其他不同的感覺被議為可以歸于達(dá)爾文的分類。更復(fù)雜的情感表達(dá)或許是后天學(xué)習(xí)的，因此在不同的文化中具有自己的特色。但是現(xiàn)在看來，更多的面部表情是人類共享的。人們做了研究以期發(fā)現(xiàn)由大腦的哪個(gè)區(qū)域讀取表情。頭腦閱讀DVD是一種系統(tǒng)的視覺表情的記錄儀。

　　該項(xiàng)目由劍橋大學(xué)的教授構(gòu)想，它是對自閉癥患者，即在閱讀和表達(dá)情緒方面有困難的人的一種輔助治療。但是很顯然不久它有了更為廣泛的用途。比如，演員和老師們需要了解大量不同的表情。這位教授和他的研究小組先得定義一個(gè)"表情"，因?yàn)槲覀冊噲D想要描述每種情感，但要搞清楚其中的規(guī)律幾乎是不可能的。用這種界定方式，1512種情感被進(jìn)行了界定和討論。最終，這個(gè)列表被減少到從"害怕"到"希望"共412種表情。

　　一旦這些情緒被定義和歸類，DVD似乎是最為清晰、最快捷的展示它們的方式。在頭腦閱讀儀中，每種表情都由6個(gè)不同的演員在三秒內(nèi)表演出來。要展示412種表情，其他任何方法遠(yuǎn)沒有它有效。原因很簡單：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難用語言來形容感情，但是當(dāng)它們在某人的臉部出現(xiàn)時(shí)我們會立刻辨認(rèn)出來。"很明顯，演員的表演是到位的，"DVD的導(dǎo)演凱西科利說到。"雖然給了他們一些指示，但并沒有告訴演員他們應(yīng)該動用面部的哪快肌肉。"科利斯女士補(bǔ)充說。這些特殊的肌肉難以控制，只有少數(shù)人才能做到這一點(diǎn)。例如，當(dāng)有人感到不屑一顧時(shí)，你不能確定他們的眉毛總是向下撇。

　　美國人保羅·�？寺�教授試圖建立這樣的規(guī)則，他創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，描述表達(dá)每個(gè)情感時(shí)面部的變化。人的臉部可以做出43種截然不同的叫做"行動單位"的肌肉運(yùn)動。這些能被組合成超過10000種可見的面部形態(tài)。�？寺�教授已經(jīng)編寫出面部肌肉的運(yùn)動模式來代表每個(gè)情感。

　　第六部分：完形填空

　　51.A[解析]名詞country后面可以用in which表示地點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，但不能只用which，如果要用它，應(yīng)在從句的后面出現(xiàn)in，例如：This is the place in which he grew up/ which he grew up in. where和in which意思相同，其他選項(xiàng)意思不對，因此選A。

　　52.D [解析]set fire to是固定短語，意思為點(diǎn)火；catch fire：著火，例如：Dry catches fire easily.干草容易著火，用在文中意思不對。其他選項(xiàng)搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此正確答案是D。

　　53.D[解析]in favor of是固定搭配，意思：贊同。從上下文判斷，只有D最合適，表示"贊成暴力"。

　　54.C [解析]any other前面需要一個(gè)介詞，根據(jù)前面的as if從句，可以判斷l(xiāng)ike（像……一樣）符合題意。through：通過；as:作為。

　　55.A[解析】fill sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意思是"使某人充滿……"如：The room was filled with students.房子里坐滿了學(xué)生。force sb. into doing sth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事。

　　56.A[解析]make和progress搭配表示"取得進(jìn)步、進(jìn)展"；用在此處意思正確。make decision：做決定；make sense：合理的，明智的，例如：It makes sense to save money while you can.趁著自己能辦到時(shí)積攢些錢是明智的。

　　57.B[解析]從上下文判斷，此處應(yīng)該是指人類有記錄以來的歷史，因此選B。range：范圍，例如：an area with a wide range of temperature溫度變化幅度很多的地區(qū)。system：系統(tǒng)。

　　58.B [解析]從前面一句看出，violence符合題意，即我們始終認(rèn)識到暴力從來就沒有解決過任何問題，卻只會使問題更加尖銳。argument：爭論；research：研究。

　　59.C[解析]deal和with搭配，是處理、對待的意思。want：想要；根據(jù)上下文C意思合適，mean nothing：毫無意義。

　　60.A [解析]整句意思是到早晨還是沒有任何解決辦法。come to light：找到，出現(xiàn)；come to life：使蘇醒過來；使有活力；come to an end：結(jié)束；come to decision：得出結(jié)論，所以正確答案是A。

　　61.D[解析]空格后緊跟一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中know意思符合題意，即知道解決問題的方法，其他幾個(gè)不符合題意。suggest sb.to do sth.：建議；consider as：認(rèn)為，視為；demand：要求。

　　62.A[解析]前面的are despised，mistrusted and even persecuted屬被動語態(tài)，所以后面應(yīng)該用by引出施加動作的主體，所以A正確。

　　63.C[解析]lawful：合法的；symboilic：象征性的，例如：The flag is symbolic of the fignting of modern womanhood.這面旗幟象征著現(xiàn)代婦女的戰(zhàn)斗精神。final：最后的；violent：激烈的，violent acts：暴力的行為。

　　64.D [解析]clean up是固定搭配，清除，鏟除；句意為消除貧民區(qū)，符合題意。look up：抬頭看：get up：起床；take up sth.：著手處理，開始從事，例如：He has taken up a job as a teacher.他開始當(dāng)教師了。

　　65.D[解析]根據(jù)本句意思，應(yīng)該是不久我們就能想出解決問題的方法,arrive at a solution：拿出／想出解決辦法。laught at：嘲笑；be stratled at：對……感到吃驚。

　　參考譯文

　　種族偏見

　　在一些種族偏見極為嚴(yán)重的國家，暴力已經(jīng)開始理所當(dāng)然地成為解決分歧的一種手段；并且這甚至不會受到質(zhì)疑。在有些國家，白人用殘忍的手段進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治；有些國家，黑人則在城市中以放火、搶劫和掠奪來抗議。而雙方的重要人物，雖然在其他方面顯得很理智，也按捺不住起身為支持暴力活動辯護(hù)--似乎，像別的情況一樣，這是一種合法的解決方法。真正使人感到可怕的，真正使你感到絕望的是認(rèn)識到往往在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻我們根本沒有取得任何進(jìn)步。雖然我們穿起了襯衣，打起了領(lǐng)帶，不再往臉上和身上涂上戰(zhàn)前的顏料，但我們的本能基本上沒有改變。在有記載的全部人類歷史中，那漫長的暴力記錄，并沒有讓我們吸取任何教訓(xùn)。我們始終沒有認(rèn)識到暴力從來就沒有解決過任何問題，卻只會使問題更加尖銳。恐怖、流血和痛苦沒有任何意義。在我們早上起來，陰郁地注視著冒著煙的廢墟，考慮著是什么使我們變成這樣時(shí)，我們并不能找到什么解決問題的方法。

　　真正有理智的人知道解決問題的方法在哪兒，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要讓別人聽從他們的意見越來越難。他們受自己人的蔑視，得不到他們的信任，甚至受自己人的迫害，只是因?yàn)樗麄兘吡χ鲝埵褂孟駡?zhí)法這樣顯然不同尋常的方式來解決問題。如果我們把用在暴力活動的一半精力用于有益的事情上，如果我們努力清除貧民區(qū)，提高所有人的生活水平，為所有人提供教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會，那么很快就會找到解決問題的方法。