The cost of a bond will develop on two factors:
1. The risk free rate derived from the yield curve for a bond of that specified duration
從一個指定時間的債券的收益率曲線得到無風險利率
The yield curve shows how the yield on government bonds vary according to the term of borrowings. Normally it is upward sloping. 向上陡坡 There are a number of explanations of the yield curve; these are not competing explanations, and at any one time may be influencing the shape of the yield curve 對于收益率曲線的的形狀, 有很多解釋,這些解釋互不沖突,任何時候任一因素都會影響 yield curve 的形狀。
1)Expectations theory 預(yù)期理論-the curve reflects expectations that interest rates will rise in the future, so the government has to offer higher returns on long-term debt.
2 ) Liquidity preference theory 流 動 性 偏 好 理 論 -the curve reflects the compensation that investors require higher returns for sacrificing liquidity on long-dated bonds.
3)Market segmentation theory 市場分割理論-short dated bonds tend to be more popular with banks and long-dated bonds are more popular with pension funds. If demand for bonds is higher in one of these markets the government can offer lower returns.
2. The credit premium-derived from the bond's credit rating 根據(jù)信用評級來,一般 題目會告知 Cost of debt capital=(1-tax rate)*(risk free rate + credit spread)