China and Russia have introduced export restrictions on petrol as local prices surge and consumers protest, a sign that emerging countries are spreading the use of beggar-thy-neighbour policies from food commodities to energy.

　　隨著國內(nèi)價(jià)格飆升、消費(fèi)者抗議，中國與俄羅斯都對燃料出口下達(dá)了限制，這一跡象表明新興國家正在將“以鄰為壑”的政策從農(nóng)業(yè)大宗商品延伸至能源領(lǐng)域。

　　The measures, announced over the past few days, come as inflation becomes a problem in emerging countries, forcing central banks to tighten monetary policy to cool their economies.

　　過去幾天中俄兩國相繼出臺限制措施之際，新興國家的通脹問題日益凸顯，迫使各國央行收緊貨幣政策，給經(jīng)濟(jì)降溫。

　　The move comes as oil prices on Tuesday recovered from a sell-off last week. ICE June Brent rose $1.25 to $117.15 a barrel.

　　周二，原油價(jià)格在經(jīng)歷了上周的拋售之后有所回升。倫敦洲際交易所(ICE) 6月份交割的布倫特(Brent)原油價(jià)格上漲1.25美元，至每桶117.15美元。

　　Wholesale gasoline and diesel prices in New York also recovered sharply.

　　紐約市場的汽油和柴油批發(fā)價(jià)格也大幅反彈。

　　Moscow has raised a gasoline export duty by a hefty 44 per cent this month, in what amounts to the imposition of a prohibitive tax on overseas sales.

　　本月，莫斯科將汽油出口關(guān)稅大幅上調(diào)44%，實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于對海外銷售實(shí)施寓禁于征的稅收。

　　At the same time, Beijing has put strong pressure on its state-owned companies to halt overseas sales of gasoline.

　　同時，北京對國有企業(yè)施加了巨大的壓力，要求它們停止向海外銷售汽油。

　　Sinopec, Asia’s largest refiner by capacity, has announced that it will not export more than small amounts in May to Hong Kong and Macao.

　　中石化(Sinopec)宣布，5月份除保留供香港、澳門地區(qū)的基本資源需求外，將停止向其他地區(qū)出口。以加工能力計(jì)算，中石化是亞洲最大的煉油企業(yè)。

　　“Though exporting oil products makes good profits, we have suspended exports,” the company said.

　　“盡管成品油出口效益較好，……但我們已暫停向其他地區(qū)出口，”該公司表示。

　　China and Russia have used export restrictions in the past as an anti-inflation tool in the agricultural sector.

　　中國與俄羅斯曾在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域使用出口限制措施，作為一種抗擊通脹的工具。

　　Moscow restricted grain sales in 2008 during the global food crisis through the use of export duties and quotas and imposed a total export ban in August 2010 after a drought destroyed its crop.

　　2008年全球糧食危機(jī)期間，莫斯科曾利用出口關(guān)稅與配額制度來限制糧食銷售。2010年8月遭遇嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi)、莊稼受損后，還實(shí)施了全面出口禁令。

　　The export ban remains in place.

　　目前，出口禁令仍然有效。

　　Beijing imposed an export ban on rice in 2008 after the cost of it surged to an all-time high on the international market.

　　2008年國際市場大米價(jià)格飆升至歷史新高之后，北京對大米出口實(shí)施了禁令。

　　Commodity analysts and traders blame the export restrictions for exacerbating the 2007-08 food crisis that triggered panic buying among importers.

　　大宗商品分析師與交易商認(rèn)為，這些出口限制措施加劇了2007-08年的糧食危機(jī)，引發(fā)了進(jìn)口國家的恐慌購買。

　　Moreover, analysts and traders said that the export restrictions in China and Russia would depress local fuel prices, stopping price signals from helping to slow demand growth and deterring refiners from investing in new capacity.

　　此外，他們還表示，中俄兩國的出口限制措施將壓制國內(nèi)燃料價(jià)格，讓價(jià)格信號無法發(fā)揮抑制需求增長的作用，并使煉油企業(yè)不愿投資擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能。